QUESTIONS: 10 QUICK POINTS

 

1. Present Simple (Přítomný prostý)
    Otázky na pravidelné děje a stavy.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Do you speak English? (Mluvíš anglicky?)
  • Does she speak English? (Mluví anglicky?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • Are you happy? (Jsi šťastný?)
  • Is she happy? (Je šťastná?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • Can you speak English? (Umíš mluvit anglicky?)
  • Can she speak English? (Umí mluvit anglicky?)
     

2. Present Continuous (Přítomný průběhový)
    Otázky na děje probíhající právě teď.
    Otázky na naplánované děje v budoucnosti.

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Are you sitting? (Sedíš?)
  • Is she coming to our party? (Přijde na náš večírek?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • SPOKEN STYLE: Are you being serious? (Myslíš to vážně?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

 

3. Present Perfect Simple (Předpřítomný prostý)
    Otázky na zážitky, zkušenosti a děje, které jsme prožili.
    Není řečeno kdy. Jinak bychom museli použít minulý čas.

 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Have you spoken to him? (Mluvil jsi s ním?)
  • Has she spoken to him? (Mluvila s ním?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • Have you been there? (Byl jsi tam?)
  • Has she been there? (Byla tam?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

 

4. Present Perfect Continuous (Předpřítomný průběhový)
    Otázky na děj, který opakovaně probíhal dosud.
    Často v souvislosti s ději, jejichž důsledky jsou viditelné.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Have you been sleeping? (Spal jsi?)
  • Has she been listening? (Poslouchala?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • NOT USED.

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

 

5. Past Simple (Minulý prostý)
    Otázky na děje, které proběhly a skončily.
    Otázky, které obsahují konkrétní minulý bod (yesterday).
    V otázkách nás nezajímá, je-li sloveso pravidelné nebo ne.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Did you call me? (Volal jsi mě?)
  • Did she do it? (Udělala to?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • Were you happy? (Byl jsi šťastný?)
  • Was she upset? (Byla naštvaná?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • Could you write it? (Uměl jsi to napsat?)
  • MUST > HAD TO!

 

6. Past Continuous (Minulý průběhový)
    Otázky obdobné přítomnému průběhovému, ale v minulosti.
    Děje, které probíhaly v konkrétní chvíli v minulosti.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Were you sitting? (Seděl jsi?)
  • Was she sitting? (Seděla?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • NOT USED.

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

 

7. Past Perfect Simple (Předminulý prostý)
    V otázkách zřídka.
    Obdoba předpřítomného prostého posunutá dále do minulosti.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Had you done it? (Udělal jsi to?)
  • Had she done it? (Udělala to?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • Had you been there? (Byl jsi tam?)
  • Had she been there? (Byla tam?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

 

8. Future (Budoucnost)
    Otázky pro obecnou budoucnost.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Will you call me? (Zavoláš mi?)
  • Will she call me? (Zavolá mi?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • Will you be here? (Budeš tady?)
  • Will she be here? (Bude tady?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

 

9. Going to (Budoucnost - plány)
    Opisný tvar pro vyjádření budoucnosti.
    Otázky na plány a záměry, jistou budoucnost.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Are you going to do it? (Hodláš to udělat?)
  • Is she going to stop? (Hodlá přestat?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • Are you going to be good to me? (Budeš na mě hodný?)
  • Is she going to be a grandma? (Bude z ní babička?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

  

10. Polite questions (Zdvořilé otázky)
    Velmi časté. Používáme modální slovesa.
 

NORMAL VERBS:

  • Would you help me? (Pomohl byste mi?)
  • Could she call me? (Mohla by mi zavolat?)

THE VERB "BE":

  • Could you be quiet? (Mohli byste být zticha?)
  • May I be your guide? (Můžu Vám být průvodcem?)

MODAL VERBS:

  • NOT USED.

 

Q: Why are modal verbs (like can or must) "NOT USED" for example in the future or continuous tenses?

A: Because we use their analogies. For example:

    CAN > TO BE ABLE (TO) - Now, you can use "can" in all simple tenses:
    I've been able to speak English since my childhood.
    I will be able to speak fluently.

    MUST > HAVE TO - Now, you can use "must" in all simple tenses:
    I had to tell him about it.
    I will have to go earlier today.


Q: What about the passive sentences?

A: This is so easy! Passive = BE + 3. PP (made, done, written...). It's like using the verb "be" with 3. PP after it.

    Will you be + promoted? = Will you be promoted?
    Is it + finished? = Is it finished?

We use the passive voice when the action is more important than its "doer".

 

Q: How should I deal with questions consisting of two (and more) sentences?

A: Remember that the first part of your question must really have a question structure. However, the second part will have a normal affirmative structure. We don't need two questions. One is enough. ;-)

    Can you tell me? + Where do you live? = Can you tell me where you live?
    Could I ask you? + How much is it? = Could I ask you how much it is?
    Do you know? + Where does this bus go? = Do you know where this bus goes?

 

Q: What about the questions which end with prepositions?

A: Don't worry. Just if the preposition is somehow connected to the "question word" (who, where, which...), put the preposition at the end of your question like this:

    FROM + WHERE: Where are you from?
    FOR + WHO: Who is this letter for?
    WITH + WHO: Who did you come here with?   

It often happens when you try to translate Czech questions beginning with "odkud" (where...from), "pro koho" (who...for), "na co" what...for/at etc.


Q: I have another problem which is not explained here! What should I do?

A: Write it down and ask me in our next lesson. ;-)